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Embodiment of structural racism and multiple sclerosis risk and outcomes in the USA

The authors review the ways in which racial and ethnic disparities in MS in the USA can be linked to bias, discrimination, and social determinants of health, and present a conceptual model for understanding and addressing differences in MS risk and outcomes.

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  • Authors: Annette M. Langer-Gould, Tara J. Cepon-Robins, Jada Benn Torres, E. Ann Yeh & Theresa E. Gildner
  • Publication: Nature Reviews Neurology
  • Year: 2025